Museums are educational institutions that collect, preserve and interpret artifacts to make their knowledge available to the public. Museums offer a wide variety of experiences, from hands-on interactives to exhibitions that explore a particular theme or idea. Some museums have a strong scientific focus, while others showcase the human story through art and culture. Regardless of their mission, all museums share the common goal of serving the public. Major professional organizations from around the world have defined what a museum is and how they should be managed, including a definition set by Unesco.
The word museum is derived from the Latin phrase “museo,” meaning collection of curiosities, or cabinet of wonders. The term first emerged in 16th-century Europe to describe a collection of objects—such as Ole Worm’s cabinet in Copenhagen or John Tradescant’s collection in Lambeth—and was later used to refer to the building housing the collections. Museums have a long history of being seen as places for learning, but only recently has the emphasis been placed on educating the public about the natural and cultural world.
A recent report by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) has reframed what a museum is, moving away from the notion that it is a collection of objects for display and towards a more broad-based mission. The new definition states that museums are “not-for-profit, permanent institutions in service of society and their communities that research, collect, conserve, and interpret tangible and intangible heritage, making it available for study, education and enjoyment.” The report also stresses that museums must be democratizing and inclusive and embrace the concept that museums are polyphonic spaces that welcome critical dialogue about our shared pasts.
To qualify for a museum job, you will need to have a number of qualifications, depending on the role for which you are applying. In general, you will need a bachelor’s degree in your field of expertise and strong communication skills. Depending on the type of museum, you will need to have additional qualifications that relate to the types of collections and programs.
For example, a curator will need to have experience in identifying and selecting artifacts. An exhibit designer will need to be able to create interesting and educational exhibitions. A development officer will need to be able to secure funding from individuals, foundations and governments.
There are a range of different career options within museums, from curatorial to administration. Some roles require a formal portfolio, while others only need to submit a resume and cover letter. Most museums will have a list of required qualifications on their website. You may need to attend an interview before you are offered a position. During the interview, you will be asked to discuss your work experience, academic background, and other relevant skills. Some positions will require letters of recommendation or a writing sample. A museum career can be incredibly rewarding, but it requires a lot of dedication and hard work. The museum profession is a great option for those who want to be part of a community that supports global equality and planetary well-being.