A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development open to all that collects, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity in all its diversity for education, study and enjoyment. The new definition challenges museums to cede some of their authority to their communities, shifting the goal from transmitting expert knowledge to fostering dialogue and connection.
Museums can be as diverse as the people they serve, yet all are united in their mission to tell a story about our shared human experience. Museums may focus on art, history or science and offer a range of learning experiences for all ages. They can reflect cultural heritage, serving as symbols of national pride or memory, or honor those who served our country in the military. They can educate, challenge assumptions and promote social and environmental sustainability. They can enchant, captivate, fascinate and inspire visitors to share their response to the world around them.
In a world where the word “museum” is being used more and more often, there is increasing pressure to clarify the meaning of this important term. A major professional organization, the International Council of Museums (ICOM), has just published a new definition for the first time in more than a century. While the definition has changed slightly from previous versions, it still struggles to capture the complexities of what museums do today and their visions for the future.
A large body of research shows that museums provide multiple kinds of experiences to their visitors. Different types of museum visitors seek different experiences in the same place and at the same time: from those who take on the identity of a facilitator, helping their children or guests explore the collection; to those who take on the role of explorer, looking for whatever grabs their attention; to those who see themselves as life-stage-based learners, seeking different experiences in different stages of their lives. Museums respond to this multiplicity by offering a variety of programs and exhibitions that address different needs.
There is a growing consensus that the future of museums will be in more collaborative, less hierarchical relationships with their communities. A number of scholars have predicted that this future will be characterized by self-directed learning, where adults discover their passions in the museums and find ways to pursue them independently of traditional educational institutions. This type of learning can be supported in museums by providing resources and opportunities for discovery and by embracing self-directed learning strategies within the galleries.
While the new definition of a museum by ICOM is not without controversy, it is an important step forward in reflecting the current work of museums and the values that they hold for the future. It provides a starting point for discussing the many complex questions that remain about why and how museums matter. We invite all our readers to join the conversation!